微型真空泵的基本原理:电机的圆周运动,通过机械装置使泵内部的隔膜做往复式运动,从而对固定容积的泵腔内的空气进行压缩、拉伸形成真空(负压),在泵抽气口处与外界大气压产生压力差,在压力差的作用下,将气体压(吸)入泵腔,再从排气口排出。
The basic principle of miniature vacuum pump: the circumferential motion of the motor makes the diaphragm inside the pump reciprocating through the mechanical device, thus compresses and stretches the air in the fixed volume pump chamber to form a vacuum (negative pressure). Under the action of the pressure difference, the gas pressure (suction) is put into the pump chamber and then discharged from the exhaust outlet.
将一个密闭容器(开始时,内部是常压100KPa),接上微型真空泵,对它进行持续抽气,比较后密闭容器内的气体压力就会低于大气压,达到60KPa的对压力。不但如此,经过特殊的技术改进,除了单抽气的微型真空泵外,还可以形成抽气打气两用的微型真空泵(即排气端可以产生比较大的正压),用于增压、充气、克服系统阻力等等以及非常特的水气两用微型真空泵,它可以用于需要长期空转、干转等等场合,不像一般的水泵空转,或者干转就会损坏泵。
A sealed vessel (at the beginning, the internal pressure is 100 KPa) is connected with a miniature vacuum pump, which is continuously pumped. Finally, the gas pressure in the sealed vessel will be lower than the atmospheric pressure, reaching the absolute pressure of 60 KPa. Moreover, after special technical improvements, besides the single-suction miniature vacuum pump, it can also form a miniature vacuum pump (i.e., the exhaust end can produce relatively large positive pressure), which can be used for pressurization, inflation, overcoming system resistance and so on, as well as a very unique water-air dual-purpose miniature vacuum pump. It can be used in situations requiring long-term idling, dry rotation, etc., unlike other occasions. Normal pump idle, or dry turn will damage the pump.
正因为抽气口处或者抽排气口可以与外界大气形成压力差,同时不像大型真空泵需要润滑油和真空泵油,不会污染工作介质,而且具有体积小巧、噪音低、免维护,可以连续24小时运转等优点,所以微型真空泵被作为动力装置,广泛用于气体采样、气体循环、真空吸附、加速过滤、汽车真空助力等等场合,在医疗、卫生、科研、环保等优先域得到了广泛的应用。
Because the pressure difference between the suction port and the outside atmosphere can be formed, unlike the large vacuum pump, which needs lubricating oil and vacuum pump oil, does not pollute the working medium, and has the advantages of compact size, low noise, maintenance-free and continuous 24-hour operation, the micro vacuum pump is widely used as a power device for gas sampling, gas circulation and vacuum. Adsorption, accelerated filtration, automotive vacuum boost and other occasions have been widely used in medical, health, scientific research, environmental protection and other fields.
折叠编辑本段使用
Fold edit this paragraph using
随着仪器仪表工业的蓬勃发展,体积小巧、无油环保的微型真空泵、微型气泵得到越来越广泛的使用。如何才能在规格繁多的微型泵中选择恰当的产品呢?
With the vigorous development of instrumentation industry, compact, oil-free and environmentally friendly micro-vacuum pumps and micro-air pumps are more and more widely used. How can we choose the most appropriate product among the micropumps with various specifications?
要明确微型泵的用途。我们分三大类逐一讨论。
First of all, the use of micro-pumps should be clarified. We discuss them one by one in three categories.
折叠输入压缩空气
Fold input compressed air
一、如果只是用微型气泵输出压缩空气。
1. If only compressed air is output by a miniature air pump.
简单地说,就是只用它来打气、充气,泵的抽气口基本不用。
Simply put, it is only used to inflate and inflate air, and the pump's suction port is basically not used.
折叠抽水或抽气
Folding pumping or suction
二、如果是以下几种情况,则应该选用PHW600B或WAA系列产品。
Second, if the following circumstances, you should choose PHW600B or WAA series products.
1、用微型泵抽气或抽真空,但有时会有液态水进入泵腔。
1. Pumping air or vacuum with a micro-pump, but sometimes liquid water enters the pump chamber.
2、要求微型泵既能抽气又能抽水。
2. It is required that the micro-pump can pump both air and water.
3、主要用微型泵抽水,但不希望在抽水前靠人工加"引水"。(有些水泵在工作前需要人工加入一些"引水",这样泵才能把低处的水抽上来,否则泵无法抽水甚至损坏。)PHW600B或WAA系列产品的长处就在于,没有接触到水时,它就抽真空,形成真空后靠气压把水压上来,而后开始抽水。
3. Mainly use micro-pump to pump water, but do not want to add manual "water diversion" before pumping. (Some pumps need to add some manual "water diversion" before work, so that the pump can pump up the low water, otherwise the pump can not pump or even damage. ) The advantage of PHW600B or WAA series products is that when it does not touch water, it vacuum, and then pressure water up by air pressure, and then start pumping.
4、用微型泵抽水,但有些时候可能泵没有水可抽,处于"干转"状态。某些传统水泵畏惧"干转",甚至是致命的。而PHW600B或WAA系列产品本质上是一种复合功能泵,它集成了真空泵和水泵的功能,有人把它叫作"真空水泵"。因此,在没有水的情况下,它会抽真空,有水的时候它就抽水。无论是抽气状态还是抽水状态,都属于正常工作范畴,也就无所谓"干转"损伤。
4. Pumping with micro-pumps, but sometimes there may be no water to pump, in a "dry" state. Some traditional pumps are afraid of "running dry" or even deadly. PHW600B or WAA series products are essentially a kind of compound function pump, which integrates the functions of vacuum pump and water pump. Some people call it "vacuum pump". Therefore, in the absence of water, it will vacuum, when there is water, it will pump. Whether it is pumping or pumping, it belongs to the normal working category, so there is no so-called "dry rotation" injury.
折叠抽气
Folding suction
三、如果是用微型泵抽气,情况稍微复杂些。
Third, if it is pumped by micro-pump, the situation is slightly more complicated.
(一)、判断微型泵抽气端工况
(1) Judging the working condition of the pumping end of a micro-pump
用于抽气的微型泵分为两类:气体采样泵和微型真空泵。虽然通常总是不加区分地把它们简单统称为微型真空泵,但从技术角度二者是有区别的,选型时更要特别注意。
There are two kinds of micro-pumps for air pumping: gas sampling pump and micro-vacuum pump. Although they are usually referred to as miniature vacuum pumps indiscriminately, they are different from each other from a technical point of view, and special attention should be paid to their selection.
简而言之,气体采样泵只能带小负载(即:泵抽气端阻力不能太大),但价格便宜;严格意义上的微型真空泵可以带大负载(抽气端允许大阻力,甚至完全堵塞),但价格稍贵。二者具体区别可以详见文章《关于微型真空泵与气体采样泵的区别》,不再复述。
In short, the gas sampling pump can only carry a small load (i.e., the resistance at the pump end can not be too large), but the price is cheap; strictly speaking, the micro vacuum pump can carry a large load (the pump end allows large resistance, or even completely blocked), but the price is slightly expensive. The specific difference between the two can be seen in the article "On the difference between micro vacuum pumps and gas sampling pumps", which will not be repeated.
气体采样泵有:PM系列(具体型号如:PM950.2、PM850.5、PM8001、PM7002、PM6503);微型真空泵有: VM系列、VAA系列、PK系列、PC系列、VCA系列、VCC系列、VCH系列、PH系列、FM系列、FAA系列、PCF系列,这些系列下的所有规格都是真正的微型真空泵,如VM7002、VAA6005、PC3025等。
Gas sampling pumps are PM series (such as PM950.2, PM850.5, PM8001, PM7002, PM6503); micro vacuum pumps are: VM series, VAA series, PK series, PC series, VCA series, VCC series, VCH series, PH series, FM series, FAA series, PCF series, all specifications under these series are real micro vacuum pumps, such as VM7002, VAA6005, PC3025, etc.
对于微型泵抽气端阻力的大小可以用仪器测定,把它与泵的技术参数"进气口允许比较大阻力"Por值比较就可以知道选型是否合适。通常根据经验采用简便的方法确定,比如下述几种情况都属于负载较大(即泵的抽气端阻力较大),只能在微型真空泵范围内选型:①在泵的抽气端要接很长的管道,或管道弯曲点多、弯曲厉害甚至会阻塞封闭,或管道内孔很小(比如小于φ2毫米);②在管路上有节流阀、电磁阀、气路开关、过滤器等元件;③泵抽气口与密闭容器连接,或该容器虽未密闭但进气量较小;④泵抽气口与吸盘连接,用于吸附物体(如集成块、精密工件等);⑤泵的抽气端与过滤容器相连,容器口放置滤网,用于加速液体过滤。
The resistance of the pump end can be measured by an instrument, and it can be compared with the Por value of the technical parameter of the pump, which is the maximum allowable resistance of the intake port. Usually, according to experience, a simple method is used to determine, for example, the following situations belong to the larger load (i.e., the greater resistance of the pumping end of the pump), which can only be selected within the scope of the miniature vacuum pump: 1) long pipeline should be connected at the pumping end of the pump, or the pipeline has many bending points, severe bending and even blockage and closure, or the inner hole of the pipeline is very small (e.g., less than 2 mm); 2) throttle valves, throttle valves, throttle val Solenoid valves, air circuit switches, filters and other components; (3) the pump suction port is connected with the closed container, or the container is not closed but the intake volume is small; (4) the pump suction port is connected with the suction cup for adsorbing objects (such as integrated blocks, precision workpieces, etc.); (5) the pump suction end is connected with the filter container, and the container port is placed with a filter for accelerating liquid filtration.